@SonictheAnonymousHedgehog sorry, I can't reproduce: i.sstatic.net/bJcPX.jpg and i.sstatic.net/GMUXS.png look fine to me. I can't test on Meta.SE, unfortunately... You do have the latest version, 0.7?
Ah, that's difficult. Most of the times, it's a different (unique) link like i.imgur.com/12345.png which redirects to the 'error' image. My bot does not make a list, but just moves through all posts until it can make an edit.
The broken image repairer bot traverses all posts with links (there's no way to filter on images in the API), so analysis mode would take a huge amount of time.
Posts are checked in order of creation; when it fixes a post created 2020-01-01, it knows next time it can start at 2020-01-01. Once every few years, I do reset it completely, in case images have broken in the meantime.
@Glorfindel I did some further testing and I see that it only works on posts that were actually deleted as spam or offensive (i.e., in response to six red flags or one from a moderator), and doesn't work for normally-deleted posts that had helpful red flags (i.e., that are masked but were deleted for a different reason).