The 2009 American science fiction film Avatar has earned widespread success, becoming the highest-grossing film so far. The blockbuster has provoked vigorous discussion of a wide variety of cultural, social, political, and religious themes identified by critics and commentators, and the film's writer and director James Cameron has responded that he hoped to create an emotional reaction and to provoke public conversation about these topics. The broad range of Avatars intentional or perceived themes has prompted reviewers to call it "an all-purpose allegory" and "the season's ideological ...