In Dante's Inferno, contrapasso (or, in modern Italian, contrappasso, from Latin contra and patior, meaning "suffer the opposite") is the punishment of souls "by a process either resembling or contrasting with the sin itself." A similar process occurs in the Purgatorio.One of the examples of contrapasso occurs in the fourth Bolgia of the eighth circle of Hell, where the sorcerers, astrologers, and false prophets have their heads turned back on their bodies such that it is "necessary to walk backward because they could not see ahead of them." This alludes to the consequences of predicting the future...